This is either an error in "Windows update" itself or an error in "BITS" ("Background Intelligent Transfer Service").
Try to run the Windows troubleshooter from "Settings\System\Other troubleshooters\Windows Update" or
the .bat file from here: https://www.elevenforum.com/t/reset-windows-update-in-windows-11.3808/
You could also run "sfc /scannnow" with the cmd line tool.